When it comes to preparing for pregnancy, the emphasis (and attention) generally lies with the female partner, often entirely disregarding the health and wellbeing of the male.
Sound familiar? Clients regularly mention that this is very much the approach that they’ve encountered, sometimes even when working with well-known fertility clinics in the run up to an IVF cycle.
Here’s the thing though: paternal health, particularly sperm health, at the time of conception is huge. Like really, really huge. Because not only does the health of the male’s sperm is key for a successful conception, but it also plays a major role in shaping the trajectory of the pregnancy.
Let’s take a closer look.
Healthy sperm and placental development
It’s only too easy to think that the male contribution to pregnancy ends at fertilisation. But contrary to common thought, research shows that the genetic material within the sperm is not only important for the development of a healthy foetus, but it is also involved in the formation of the placenta, necessary for the regulation of nutrient, oxygen and waste exchange as well as the coordination of foetal growth.
With that in mind, compromised sperm quality can adversely affect the placental formation and function, with the potential to result in an increased risk of pregnancy complications such as poor intrauterine growth, preterm birth and even pregnancy loss.
Paternal factors and pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy condition, causing abnormally high blood pressure and signs of organ damage, often involving the kidneys or liver. The onset of pre-eclampsia usually starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy and can pose serious risks to both the mother and baby if not managed properly.
While pre-eclampsia is a condition with multifactorial risk factors, research indicates that paternal health has been identified as a contributing factor. As discussed previously, sperm plays a key role in the development of the placenta. However, a poorly developed or improperly functioning placenta poses a significantly increased risk for the development of pre-eclampsia in the later stages of pregnancy.
Other pregnancy complications linked to sperm health
In addition to contributing to placental development and pre-eclampsia risk, poor quality sperm is also a key contributor in early or recurrent miscarriage, birth defects and stillbirth, plus there is some research suggesting that it may even be linked with the risk of developing gestational diabetes. And, brace yourself, even morning sickness may to some degree be linked to sperm health. Not to mention that conception may not happen at all if the sperm is not of sufficient quality.
Quite a lot to take in, right!? I genuinely cannot emphasise the importance of healthy sperm enough. That’s not to say that egg health shouldn’t also be absolutely front of mind, but sperm health is so often neglected when it can absolutely be the missing piece of the jigsaw.
So what can we do to support healthy sperm development?
The good news is that sperm health is highly responsive to nutrition and lifestyle interventions as well as highly targeted supplementation. Sperm undergoes a continuous production cycle of approximately 72-90 days, meaning that targeted changes can bring significant improvements within 2-3 months. Here are only some of the tips and tricks to give healthy sperm development a helping hand:
Prioritize a nutrient-dense diet: Sperm cells are incredibly susceptible to oxidative stress damage. To reduce the impact, include an abundance of antioxidant-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Berries are absolute superstars here!
Keep testicles cool: There’s a reason that testicles are kept away from the body! Heat exposure can damage developing sperm cells so it’s key to keep testicles cool at all times. Avoid hot baths, heated car seats, laptop on laps, prolonged periods of sitting down etc.
Keep moving: Moderate exercise enhances overall hormonal balance and supports healthy sperm production. However, avoid exercise that causes excessive heat exposure to the testicles, such as prolonged cycling, which can negatively affect sperm quality.
Limit Toxins: Reduce exposure to environmental toxins found in pesticides, plastics, and heavy metals. Opt for organic produce wherever possible, aim to store foods and drinks in glass or stainless steel and switch to natural cleaners and personal care products.
Avoid smoking, recreational drugs and excess alcohol: Smoking and drugs are a hard no here, and alcohol should be avoided as much as possible or kept to a minimum. Both smoking and alcohol are associated with increased DNA fragmentation in sperm and reduced fertility outcomes.
Manage stress levels: Chronic stress affects hormonal regulation within the body, which can contribute to poor sperm development. Try to incorporate breathing exercises, mindfulness techniques, and any other stress-reduction practices that help to calm your body and mind.
Consider targeted supplementation: I love the food first approach but let’s not beat around the bush – getting all the necessary nutrients from food only is almost impossible these days. But beware, not all supplements are created equal and personalisation of a supplement plan is absolute key here. I can help to guide you if necessary.
Are you ready to take charge of your fertility? Them drop me a message, I still have a couple of slots for a January 2025 start!
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